9/13/2023 0 Comments Entanglement entropy![]() ![]() Crucially, this reversibility would need to hold, at least in theory, even for noisy ('mixed') quantum systems that have not been kept perfectly isolated from their environment. A fundamental question became whether entanglement can always be reversibly manipulated, in direct analogy to the Carnot cycle. ![]() To make effective use of it, we need to learn how to manipulate it," says quantum information researcher Ludovico Lami. "Quantum entanglement is a key resource that underlies much of the power of future quantum computers. Scientists have uncovered a notion of 'entanglement entropy' that precisely mimics the role of the thermodynamical entropy, at least for idealized quantum systems that are perfectly isolated from their surroundings. ![]() Intriguingly, quantum entanglement shares many profound similarities with thermodynamics, even though quantum systems are mostly studied in the microscopic regime. In quantum systems, one of these details may be entanglement: a quantum connection that makes separated components of the system share properties. The beauty of the second law of thermodynamics is its applicability to any macroscopic system, regardless of the microscopic details. Our understanding of this process underpinned the rapid economic development during the Western Industrial Revolution. This reversibility condition led to the discovery of thermodynamic processes such as the (idealized) Carnot cycle, which poses an upper limit to how efficiently one can convert heat into work, or the other way around, by cycling a closed system through different temperatures and pressures. Only states of equal entropy and energy can be reversibly converted from one to the other. ![]()
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